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`!Cellular components`! are the complex `F33f`_`[biomolecules`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Biomolecule]`_`f and `F33f`_`[structures`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Structural_biology]`_`f of which `F33f`_`[cells`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Cell_(biology)]`_`f, and thus living `F33f`_`[organisms`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Organism]`_`f, are composed. Cells are the structural and functional units of life.`:cite-ref-1[`F5bf`_`[1`#cite-note-1]`_`f] The smallest organisms are single cells, while the largest organisms are assemblages of trillions of cells. DNA, double stranded macromolecule that carries the hereditary information of the cell`:cite-ref-2[`F5bf`_`[2`#cite-note-2]`_`f] and found in all living cells;`:cite-ref-3[`F5bf`_`[3`#cite-note-3]`_`f] each cell carries chromosome(s) having a distinctive DNA sequence.`:cite-ref-4[`F5bf`_`[4`#cite-note-4]`_`f]

Examples include `F33f`_`[macromolecules`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Macromolecule]`_`f such as `F33f`_`[proteins`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Protein]`_`f and `F33f`_`[nucleic acids`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Nucleic_acid]`_`f, `F33f`_`[biomolecular complexes`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Biomolecular_complex]`_`f such as a `F33f`_`[ribosome`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Ribosome]`_`f, and structures such as `F33f`_`[membranes`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Biological_membrane]`_`f, and `F33f`_`[organelles`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Organelle]`_`f. While the majority of cellular components are located within the cell itself, some may exist in `F33f`_`[extracellular`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Extracellular]`_`f areas of an organism.`:cite-ref-5[`F5bf`_`[5`#cite-note-5]`_`f]

Cellular components may also be called `!biological matter`! or `!biological material`!. Most biological matter has the characteristics of `F33f`_`[soft matter`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Soft_matter]`_`f, being governed by relatively small energies. All known life is made of biological matter. To be differentiated from other `F33f`_`[theoretical or fictional life forms`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Hypothetical_types_of_biochemistry]`_`f, such life may be called `*`F33f`_`[carbon-based`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Carbon-based_life]`_`f`*, `*cellular`*, `*organic`*, `*biological`*, or even simply `*living`* – as some definitions of life exclude `F33f`_`[hypothetical types of biochemistry`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Hypothetical_types_of_biochemistry]`_`f.

>>Contents

• `F0af`_`[See also`#see-also]`_`f

• `F0af`_`[External links`#external-links]`_`f

• `F0af`_`[References`#references]`_`f

-─

>>See also

• `F33f`_`[Cell (biology)`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Cell_(biology)]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Cell biology`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Cell_biology]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Biomolecule`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Biomolecule]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Organelle`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Organelle]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Tissue (biology)`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Tissue_(biology)]`_`f

>>External links

• https://web.archive.org/web/20130918033010/http://bioserv.fiu.edu/~walterm/FallSpring/review1_fall05_chap_cell3.htm

>>References

`:cite-note-1`!1.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-1]`_`f `:citerefzedaliseggebrecht2018`aZedalis, Julianne; Eggebrecht, John (2018-03-08). "Ch. 4 Chapter Summary - Biology for AP® Courses | OpenStax". `*openstax.org`*. Retrieved 2024-02-14.

`:cite-note-2`!2.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-2]`_`f `:citerefzedaliseggebrecht2018`aZedalis, Julianne; Eggebrecht, John (2018-03-08). "Ch. 3 Key Terms - Biology for AP® Courses | OpenStax". `*openstax.org`*. Retrieved 2024-02-14.

`:cite-note-3`!3.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-3]`_`f "Contents of Essentials of Cell Biology | Learn Science at Scitable". `*www.nature.com`*. Retrieved 2024-02-14.

`:cite-note-4`!4.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-4]`_`f yourgenome, (2014). In: GLOSSARY Chromosome. [online] Available at: https://www.yourgenome.org/glossary/chromosome/ [Accessed 15 Aug. 2023].

`:cite-note-5`!5.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-5]`_`f `:citerefvasyutinlyundupviranovbutnaru2017`aVasyutin, I. A.; Lyundup, A. V.; Viranov, A. Z.; Butnaru, D. V.; Kuznetsov, S. L. (2017). "Urethra Reconstruction with Tissue-Engineering Technology". `*Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii Meditsinskikh Nauk`*. `!72`! (1): 17–25. `F33f`_`[doi`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Doi_(identifier)]`_`f:10.15690/vramn771. `F33f`_`[ISSN`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=ISSN_(identifier)]`_`f 0869-6047. `F33f`_`[PMID`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=PMID_(identifier)]`_`f 29308838.

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